Structural behaviour of elliptical hollow sections

Imperial Users onl

'Fire hardening' spear wood does slightly harden it, but makes it much weaker and more brittle

It is usually assumed that 'fire hardening' the tips of spears, as practised by hunter-gatherers and early Homo spp., makes them harder and better suited for hunting. This suggestion was tested by subjecting coppiced poles of hazel to a fire-hardening process and comparing their mechanical properties to those of naturally seasoned poles. A Shore D hardness test showed that fire treatment slightly increased the hardness of the wood, but flexural and impact tests showed that it reduced the strength and work of fracture by 30% and 36%, respectively. These results suggest that though potentially slightly sharper and more durable, fire-hardened tips would actually be more likely to break off when used, as may have been the case with the earliest known wooden tool, the Clacton spear. Fire might first have been used to help sharpen the tips of spears, and fire-hardening would have been a mostly negative side effect, not its primary purpose

Are Educational Leadership Candidates Prepared to Address Diversity Issues in Schools?

: Standard 4 of the Educational Leadership Constituency Council (ELCC) Standards addresses school diversity issues and specifies requirements that all educational leadership programs need to meet. In response, all educational leadership programs in Georgia referenced ELCC Standards and have worked to foster diversity as a priority in their programs. The faculty has been given guidelines to respond to diversity issues by implementing a variety of constructive strategies. For all that the faculty has done to foster diversity in the educational leadership programs, do program candidates get the message? Most of the literature on leadership diversity is focused on the significance and strategies of fostering diversity into the educational leadership programs. Research is lacking on assessing the outcomes of the faculty\u27s effort toward diversity implementation. Therefore this study examines program candidates\u27 perceptions of their diversity preparation in educational leadership programs. Results of the survey will reflect the effectiveness of the diversity effort as perceived by program candidates

A Qualitative Study Examining Macao’s Parents’ Attitude towards Native and Non-native English-speaking Teachers for Private Online Synchronous One-on-one English Lessons

In terms of English learning, whether native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) surpass non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs) or vice versa has been a heated topic. These two types of teachers have their own respective benefits and drawbacks with respect to English teaching. Most of the current related studies are on the traditional educational classroom setting in both secondary school and higher education. However, the study of the virtual learning platform as a method of teaching English is rare. This research displays valuable significance in identifying whether parents in Macao have a preference towards NESTs and NNESTs before they purchase the online synchronous one-on-one English lessons for their children. This qualitative study, after two participants were interviewed, concludes that they both prefer NESTs due to their authentic accent and pronunciation and believe it is more suitable in such a speaking-andlistening oriented online lesson. Price is not the prioritized factor to consider. They are generally satisfied with the teaching style of the online NESTs but it is also important to take note of the teaching approach conducted in the online lessons towards children, to ensure that it holds their interest appropriately

In and Out of the Border: The Language and Identity of Hong Kong Literature

Panel: Currents of Migratio

Adult and continuing education practitioners in Hong Kong : a study of their values on lifelong learning policies and programme planning practices

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Influence of boundary conditions and geometric imperfections on lateral–torsional buckling resistance of a pultruded FRP I-beam by FEA

Presented are results from geometric non-linear finite element analyses to examine the lateral torsional buckling (LTB) resistance of a Pultruded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) I-beam when initial geometric imperfections associated with the LTB mode shape are introduced. A data reduction method is proposed to define the limiting buckling load and the method is used to present strength results for a range of beam slendernesses and geometric imperfections. Prior to reporting on these non-linear analyses, Eigenvalue FE analyses are used to establish the influence on resistance of changing load height or displacement boundary conditions. By comparing predictions for the beam with either FRP or steel elastic constants it is found that the former has a relatively larger effect on buckling strength with changes in load height and end warping fixity. The developed finite element modelling methodology will enable parametric studies to be performed for the development of closed form formulae that will be reliable for the design of FRP beams against LTB failure